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Every unwiped device sitting in a storage closet is an active liability — a potential data breach, a compliance gap, and a forfeited tax deduction compounding silently on your balance sheet. The average cost of a severe data breach in the United States has climbed past $10 million per incident. A factory reset does not eliminate the risk.

Donating retired IT equipment to a certified nonprofit ITAD provider resolves the compliance exposure, generates audit-ready documentation with serial-number-level chain of custody, and captures a corporate tax deduction — all in a single disposition event.

This guide covers the complete 2026 process: data sanitization under the updated NIST SP 800-88r2 and IEEE 2883-2022 standards, IRS compliance under the newly enacted One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), and how to build an unbroken chain of custody from decommission to final certified disposition.

Can your business deduct donations of used IT equipment?

Yes. When a C-corporation donates IT equipment to a qualified 501(c)(3) organization, the donation is tax-deductible under IRC Section 170. The deduction is based on fair market value (FMV) — what a willing buyer would pay for the equipment in its current condition — not the original purchase price.

However, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), which took effect for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025, fundamentally changed the math. C-corporations can now only deduct charitable contributions to the extent that aggregate annual contributions exceed 1% of taxable income, while remaining subject to the existing 10% ceiling. Contributions that fall below the 1% floor generate zero tax benefit.

This 1% floor structurally disincentivizes small, ad-hoc donations. A regional office donating ten laptops to a local school will almost certainly fail to breach the 1% threshold of the parent corporation. The associated tax benefit is permanently forfeited.

The strategic implication: organizations should aggregate retired IT assets into centralized, enterprise-wide disposition events — typically aligned with the fiscal year-end or major hardware refresh cycles — to ensure the total FMV of donated equipment clears the 1% floor and unlocks the full deduction.

Why companies donate old IT equipment instead of shredding it

The primary value of donating to a certified nonprofit ITAD partner is operational: you eliminate data liability with the same certifications offered by commercial recyclers, while gaining two things commercial shredding cannot deliver.

Compliance and risk elimination. A certified nonprofit ITAD partner provides NIST SP 800-88r2 and IEEE 2883-2022 compliant data sanitization, serial-number-level Certificates of Data Destruction (CoDs), and documented chain of custody from pickup to final disposition. The security posture is identical to top-tier commercial ITAD providers — NAID AAA certification, R2v3 responsible recycling, background-checked technicians, tamper-evident transport.

Tax deduction and ESG reporting. Commercial shredders produce a disposal invoice. A qualified nonprofit ITAD partner produces a tax-deductible donation receipt, IRS Form 8283 documentation, and quantifiable impact data — pounds of e-waste diverted, carbon reduction figures aligned with GHG Protocol Scope 3 reporting, and device reuse metrics. Under the 2026 GHG Protocol Scope 3 Phase 1 updates, this serialized environmental data directly boosts a corporation’s Primary Data Share indicator, which analysts now treat as a core measure of ESG maturity.

Social impact as a differentiator. Devices that can be refurbished get redistributed to families, veterans, students, and job seekers rather than shredded. This is what separates nonprofit ITAD from commercial recyclers — not a compromise on security, but an additional return on assets that were otherwise headed for destruction.

What IT equipment qualifies for donation and a tax deduction

Most enterprise IT hardware qualifies for donation: laptops, desktops, servers, monitors, tablets, networking equipment, and hard drives. The key requirement is that the equipment has remaining useful life or recyclable value.

The IRS “working condition” requirement

The IRS mandates that donated electronics must be in “good used condition or better” to qualify for a meaningful tax deduction. Specifically, devices must power on, boot to an operating system, function normally under diagnostic load, and possess all essential internal components.

A device with a shattered display, a dead battery, a non-responsive keyboard, or a missing logic board has a tax-deductible FMV of $0 regardless of its original procurement cost.

Two details that frequently destroy asset value before donation:

Missing accessories degrade FMV. Laptops donated without AC adapters or power cables suffer significant valuation reduction because the receiving organization must spend money to replace them before the device can be redeployed or resold.

MDM and activation locks eliminate FMV entirely. Devices with active Apple iCloud locks, Google FRP, or Microsoft Autopilot enrollment — and especially unsevered corporate MDM profiles — cannot be legally or technically refurbished. Their functional FMV is $0, and they are forced into the physical destruction pipeline.

Equipment that cannot be donated

Leased equipment typically cannot be donated without lessor approval. Check your lease agreements before including those assets in any disposition plan.

How to securely wipe data before donating IT equipment

A factory reset is not secure data sanitization. Data can be recovered from devices that have not been properly sanitized using commercially available forensic tools. For enterprises, this transforms a donation into a compliance violation.

The 2025–2026 regulatory landscape introduced a structural change to how data sanitization is governed. NIST SP 800-88 Revision 2, published on September 26, 2025, now serves exclusively as an overarching governance and risk-assessment framework. It establishes the policy necessity for sanitization and aligns enterprise practices with FISMA and OMB Circular A-130. However, Revision 2 intentionally removed device-level technical execution guides.

For the actual engineering mechanics of data destruction, NIST r2 explicitly defers to IEEE 2883-2022. An enterprise ITAD policy that mandates “NIST 800-88 compliance” without actively integrating IEEE 2883-2022 protocols is now viewed by third-party auditors and federal regulators as technically deficient.

Step 1: Inventory all devices and back up critical data

Create a serial-number-level inventory of every device. Record the make, model, serial number, storage media type (HDD, SSD, NVMe), and physical condition. Back up any files your organization needs to retain before sanitization begins.

Step 2: Deauthorize accounts and sever MDM profiles

Sign out of all cloud accounts — Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, Apple ID. Remove Mobile Device Management (MDM) profiles completely. Deauthorize Apple iCloud activation locks, Google Factory Reset Protection (FRP), and Microsoft Autopilot enrollment. An MDM-locked device cannot be refurbished and will be forced into physical destruction.

Deauthorize all software licenses tied to the hardware. Most commercial licenses — Microsoft, Adobe, and similar — are non-transferable and must be removed to comply with licensing agreements.

Step 3: Perform IEEE 2883-2022 compliant data sanitization

IEEE 2883-2022 defines three tiers of data sanitization, selected based on the device’s future operational state and the sensitivity classification of the data:

TierMethodUse CaseTechnical Approach
ClearLogical software overwriteInternal redeployment within the same security perimeterStandardized formatting and block deallocation commands; protects against non-invasive recovery tools
PurgeCryptographic Erase (CE)Any device leaving the organization — including donation, resale, or lease returnFirmware-driven commands that render data recovery infeasible even under laboratory forensic analysis; preserves hardware integrity for refurbishment
DestructPhysical eliminationClassified data, defense environments, or damaged media that cannot be logically accessedMicro-pulverization, disintegration, melting, or incineration; media is permanently destroyed

Purge is the non-negotiable baseline for any data-bearing device leaving your organization’s physical and legal control. This includes all hardware destined for charitable donation.

Two critical changes from legacy ITAD practices

ATA Secure Erase is deprecated. IEEE 2883-2022 downgrades ATA Secure Erase to Clear status, stripping it of the Purge designation required for external disposition. IT asset managers must transition disposal processes to firmware-driven Cryptographic Erasure protocols.

Standard industrial shredding is no longer compliant for SSDs. Modern flash memory chips are small enough to pass through standard shredder blades intact. A single recovered chip can expose gigabytes of recoverable data. Compliant physical destruction of SSDs and NVMe arrays now requires micro-pulverization to strict particle size limits at a certified facility.

Step 4: Collect a Certificate of Data Destruction

A Certificate of Data Destruction (CoD) is your audit-ready proof that data was securely eliminated. In 2026, a legally defensible CoD must contain specific granular fields — not a generalized statement covering a mixed pallet:

Documentation FieldRequired Data
Organization and project detailsClient corporate name, project reference number, pickup batch ID, facility location, date of report generation
Granular asset identifiersHardware make, model, manufacturer serial number, internal storage media type (HDD/SSD/NVMe), internal corporate asset tags
Explicit data handling methodSpecific IEEE 2883-2022 method used (Firmware Cryptographic Purge, micro-pulverization, degaussing)
Final result and technician verificationOutcome status (Pass, Fail, Destroyed, Exception, Non-readable) and digital signature/ID of the certified technician

A CoD that simply states “NIST compliant” without referencing the specific IEEE 2883-2022 method, linking results to individual serial numbers, and identifying the responsible technician is not audit-defensible under current regulatory expectations — including HIPAA, SOX, PCI-DSS, GLBA, and the SEC’s updated cybersecurity disclosure rules.

Step 5: Remove asset tags and physical identifiers

Remove company asset tags, property stickers, and any labels containing sensitive information before handoff. Your ITAD partner can also handle this during intake processing.

For defense contractors and federal subcontractors: CMMC 2.0 requires explicit media sanitization assessments (MP.L2-3.8.3) under Executive Order 14028’s zero-trust mandate. Ensure your ITAD partner can document compliance for FISMA media protection audits.

Certifications to verify before choosing an ITAD partner

Not all organizations — nonprofit or commercial — can provide enterprise-grade data security and environmental compliance. Before entrusting any partner with your retired hardware, verify these credentials.

NIST SP 800-88r2 + IEEE 2883-2022 compliance

NIST SP 800-88r2 establishes the governance framework for data sanitization. IEEE 2883-2022 defines the technical execution. A partner referencing only “NIST 800-88” without integrating IEEE 2883-2022 protocols is operating under a deprecated standard. Confirm they execute Purge-level Cryptographic Erase for all externally disposed devices.

NAID AAA certification

Administered by i-SIGMA, NAID AAA is the highest operational standard for data destruction providers. Certified facilities undergo unannounced third-party audits verifying physical perimeter security, employee background screening (including NTSB checks), and technical sanitization methods. For corporate compliance officers, NAID AAA transforms data destruction from a technical promise into a defensible, auditable legal event.

R2v3 responsible recycling

Administered by SERI, R2v3 is the premier global standard for electronics recycling. It mandates strict downstream vendor accountability, ensuring that devices, harvested components, and toxic materials that cannot be refurbished do not end up exported to developing nations or deposited in domestic landfills.

ISO 14001 and ISO 27001

ISO 14001 validates the partner’s environmental management system. ISO 27001 certifies the Information Security Management System (ISMS) governing digital and physical access controls for handling corporate assets.

501(c)(3) tax-exempt status

Required for your donation to be tax-deductible. Verify status using the IRS Tax Exempt Organization Search tool before transferring assets.

How to vet a nonprofit ITAD partner

Ask potential partners the following before signing a disposition agreement:

QuestionWhy It Matters
Do they hold NAID AAA and R2v3 certifications?Baseline security and environmental compliance
Do they execute IEEE 2883-2022 Purge-level Cryptographic Erase?Deprecated methods (ATA Secure Erase, standard shredding) fail current audit standards
Will they provide itemized CoDs by serial number?Generalized certificates are not audit-defensible
Can they process IRS Form 8283 documentation, including Section B for donations over $5,000?Required for tax compliance under OBBBA
What happens to devices that cannot be refurbished?Responsible downstream handling must be documented
Can they provide serialized environmental impact data for ESG reporting?Primary Data Share is now a core ESG maturity metric under the 2026 GHG Protocol updates
Do they maintain ISO 14001 and ISO 27001 certifications?Environmental management and information security management system validation

How bulk IT equipment pickup and chain of custody works

A secure data wipe is legally meaningless if you cannot prove it occurred under controlled conditions. The chain of custody is a continuous, tamper-evident timeline of every asset’s physical location, designated custodian, and security status from decommission to final disposition.

Phase 1: On-site collection and intake

Certified technicians arrive at your facility and individually scan every device into a digital asset management platform, generating a unique tracking ID. Technicians log the hardware make, model, serial number, physical condition, and accessories. A signed collection manifest formally transfers custody and liability from your organization to the ITAD provider. High-risk assets and loose media are sealed in tamper-evident containers.

Phase 2: Sealed, GPS-tracked transport

Dedicated, sealed vehicles follow pre-defined geofenced routes with continuous GPS tracking. Dual-control transfer protocols ensure no single employee can move or access assets unseen. Time-stamped scanning events document departure, arrival, and the identity of the receiving technician at the processing facility.

Phase 3: Arrival reconciliation and controlled processing

Vehicle seals are inspected and broken under camera surveillance. Incoming assets are individually counted, scanned, and reconciled against the original collection manifest. Discrepancies trigger immediate security protocols. Data-bearing items are segregated from non-data items, and every subsequent action is logged against the asset’s unique ID and attributed to a named, background-checked technician.

Shipping costs incurred when donating to a qualified 501(c)(3) nonprofit are also tax-deductible.

IRS rules for corporate IT equipment donations in 2026

The OBBBA introduced significant changes to how corporate charitable deductions are calculated. IT asset managers, controllers, and tax strategists need to model these rules carefully.

Requirement2026 Rules Under OBBBA
Recipient statusQualified 501(c)(3) organizations only
Valuation basisFair market value, not original purchase price
1% floor (new)Aggregate annual contributions must exceed 1% of taxable income before any deduction is allowed
10% ceilingTotal charitable deductions capped at 10% of taxable income
5-year carryforwardExcess contributions above the 10% ceiling can be carried forward, but remain subject to the 1% floor each year
Form 8283Required for noncash donations over $500
Appraisal requirementQualified independent appraisal required for donations over $5,000 (Section B of Form 8283)
Enhanced deductionIRC Section 170(e)(3) may apply for donations serving the ill, needy, or infants — consult your tax advisor

Taxable income calculation for the 1% floor and 10% ceiling

When computing the taxable income used to determine the floor and ceiling, exclude: the charitable contribution itself, the corporate dividends-received deduction, the Section 249 premium deduction, net operating loss carrybacks (Section 172), capital loss carrybacks, and specified agricultural and horticultural cooperative payments.

Section 162 vs. Section 170: the strategic choice

Some corporate tax divisions explore reclassifying IT equipment donations as Section 162 business expenses to avoid the 1% floor. This is legally permissible only when the corporation expects a tangible reciprocal financial benefit — such as significant promotional exposure — from the donation.

However, Section 162 forces recognition of gain on contributed property. Section 170 does not. For IT hardware, this distinction is financially consequential and generally favors the Section 170 charitable contribution route.

Capital gain property vs. ordinary income property

Under Section 170(e), equipment that would generate long-term capital gain if sold is generally deductible at FMV. But enterprise IT equipment depreciates rapidly. For inventory, recapture property, or short-term capital gain property (held one year or less), the deduction is reduced to the corporation’s tax basis — which for devices older than three to four years is frequently zero.

This places a strategic premium on utilizing the FMV deduction where legally permissible, or leveraging the enhanced deduction under IRC Section 170(e)(3) for qualifying organizations.

How to calculate fair market value for donated IT equipment

The IRS defines fair market value as the price that property would sell for on the open market between a willing buyer and a willing seller, with neither party compelled to act, and both possessing reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts.

2026 baseline FMV ranges for common corporate IT hardware

Equipment CategoryLow FMV (Good Condition)High FMV (Excellent Condition)Key Valuation Factors
Enterprise laptop (2–4 years old)$100$350Tier-one brand (ThinkPad, Latitude, MacBook), intact chassis, battery above 80% capacity, AC adapter included, verified data wipe
Legacy laptop (5+ years old)$30$100Value degrades sharply after four years due to battery wear, outdated Wi-Fi standards, and OS incompatibility
Desktop workstation$40$200CPU generation, discrete GPU, SSD storage capacity
Monitor / external display$20$100Modern connections (USB-C PD, DisplayPort), high-resolution panel, zero dead pixels
Tablet / smart device$30$200Battery health and complete removal of MDM and activation locks
Peripherals (keyboard, mouse)$3$15Bundling functional peripherals supports higher overall workstation valuations

Burden of proof

The burden of establishing and defending FMV rests entirely on the donor corporation. Document your calculation method — comparable secondary market sales, depreciation schedules, or third-party appraisal — and retain supporting evidence. Your ITAD partner or accountant can assist with valuation.

How to claim the tax deduction on your business return

Step 1: Confirm the recipient is a qualified 501(c)(3)

Verify tax-exempt status at IRS.gov before transferring assets. Keep confirmation documentation in your records.

Step 2: Document FMV and cost basis

Record the original purchase price, acquisition date, depreciation schedule, and calculated FMV for each item or batch. The methodology used to determine FMV must be defensible if audited.

Step 3: File IRS Form 8283

Form 8283 is required for noncash donations exceeding $500 in a single tax year.

Section A covers donations valued between $500 and $5,000. Document how and when the property was acquired, the original cost basis (if held less than twelve months), and the FMV methodology.

Section B applies when the claimed deduction for a single item — or a collective group of similar items, such as a bulk donation of 250 retired laptops — exceeds $5,000. This requires a qualified independent appraisal. The receiving 501(c)(3) must complete and sign Part V of Section B, legally acknowledging receipt of the itemized hardware.

Step 4: Retain all documentation for at least seven years

Keep donation receipts, Certificates of Data Destruction, chain-of-custody records, FMV calculations, and filed Form 8283 copies. Organizations with complete records face significantly lower penalty risk during audits.

Multi-year planning under OBBBA

If contributions exceed the 10% ceiling in a given year, excess amounts carry forward for up to five years. However, carryovers remain subject to the 1% floor in each subsequent year. This requires multi-year tax modeling to ensure carryover deductions are fully realized before expiration.

Complete documentation checklist for an audit-ready IT donation

When auditors arrive — under HIPAA, SOX, PCI-DSS, GLBA, or SEC cybersecurity disclosure rules — your first line of defense is the documentation package. Here is the complete 2026 checklist:

DocumentRequired Contents
Donation receiptFrom the 501(c)(3) recipient: date, itemized description of donated equipment, organization information, and confirmation of tax-exempt status
Certificate of Data DestructionSerial-number-level CoD with IEEE 2883-2022 method designation, outcome status, and certified technician verification
Asset inventoryComplete list of all donated equipment with serial numbers, storage media types, and condition grades
Fair market value documentationCalculation methodology, supporting comparable sales or depreciation data, and any independent appraisal
IRS Form 8283Filed copy with tax return; Section B with signed Part V from recipient for donations over $5,000
Chain-of-custody recordsCollection manifest, transport tracking logs, arrival reconciliation, and processing attribution by technician
ESG impact reportPounds of e-waste diverted, carbon equivalents, device reuse metrics — for Scope 3 and Scope 4 (avoided emissions) reporting

How IT equipment donation affects Scope 3 and ESG reporting in 2026

The GHG Protocol’s Scope 3 Technical Working Group released foundational updates in March 2026 that tightened corporate carbon accounting requirements. Two changes are particularly relevant to ITAD strategy.

The 95% Minimum Boundary Rule. Organizations must now account for at least 95% of their total Scope 3 emissions inventory. The previous practice of selectively omitting complex supply chain categories is no longer compliant. Any exclusion requires a formally documented “Reasonable Exclusion Statement” justifying materiality.

Annualized Category 11 accounting. The protocol shifted from recognizing 100% of a product’s estimated lifetime emissions in the year of sale to an annualized, stock-based approach. Emissions are recognized annually based on actual product use and real-world grid decarbonization, requiring ongoing lifecycle tracking of hardware assets.

Scope 4: avoided emissions through device reuse

Manufacturing a single enterprise laptop generates hundreds of kilograms of CO2-equivalent emissions before the device is unboxed. Donating a three-year-old laptop and extending its useful life by an additional three to five years prevents the emissions associated with mining, manufacturing, packaging, and shipping a replacement device. These “avoided emissions” — commonly called Scope 4 — produce quantifiable carbon reduction figures that certified ITAD partners aggregate into ESG impact reports.

Under the 2026 primary data mandates, serialized downstream metrics from a certified ITAD partner significantly boost a corporation’s Primary Data Share indicator — elevating IT asset disposition from a waste management function into a core driver of ESG performance.

The social impact: where donated IT equipment actually goes

Devices that pass refurbishment criteria get redistributed to families, students, veterans, and job seekers who lack access to dedicated computing hardware. This is real, documented impact, not a marketing claim.

A 2025 impact evaluation by the national digital opportunity nonprofit Compudopt — surveying over 10,650 recipients of donated corporate computers — provides the most comprehensive data available on the downstream effects of corporate IT donation:

MetricFinding
Households without a functional computer before receiving a donated device92%
Recipient households earning less than $35,000 annually78%
Recipients reporting the device tangibly improved their standard of living97%
Students using donated laptops primarily for schoolwork91%
Adults using the device for employment hunting, resume building, or remote work41%
Adults using the device for workforce learning and credentialing32%

This data quantifies what an Impact Report from your ITAD partner documents: your retired hardware directly enables educational access and economic mobility in communities where mobile-only internet access is insufficient for resume building, telehealth navigation, coursework completion, or remote employment.

For ESG reporting, these metrics translate into Social Return on Investment (SROI) figures that satisfy both investor scrutiny and stakeholder communications.

Turn your old IT equipment into a closed compliance loop with Human-I-T

Human-I-T operates at the intersection of enterprise-grade ITAD compliance and measurable social impact. We hold NIST SP 800-88r2, NAID AAA, and R2v3 certifications — the same credentials required of top-tier commercial ITAD providers — while delivering the 501(c)(3) tax benefits and serialized impact data that no commercial recycler can produce.

What you receive:

  • IEEE 2883-2022 Purge-level Cryptographic Erase for every data-bearing device, with serial-number-level CoDs
  • Documented chain of custody from on-site collection through final disposition
  • Tax-deductible donation receipts and IRS Form 8283 support
  • ESG impact reports with e-waste diversion, carbon reduction, and device reuse metrics aligned with GHG Protocol Scope 3 reporting

What happens to your hardware:

Devices that can be refurbished are redistributed to underserved families, veterans, students, and job seekers. What cannot be refurbished is responsibly recycled with full chain-of-custody documentation under R2v3 standards.

Schedule a pickup with Human-I-T to start building your audit-ready disposition file.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a nonprofit ITAD provider and a commercial recycler?

A qualified nonprofit ITAD provider like Human-I-T holds the same certifications as commercial recyclers — NAID AAA, R2v3, and IEEE 2883-2022 compliance — but adds a tax-deductible donation receipt, quantifiable ESG impact metrics, and device reuse for underserved communities. Devices are refurbished and redistributed rather than shredded, generating additional social and environmental value from the same asset.

What changed about data sanitization standards in 2025 and 2026?

NIST SP 800-88 Revision 2, published September 26, 2025, now serves exclusively as a governance framework. It defers all technical data destruction execution to IEEE 2883-2022, which defines three sanitization tiers: Clear (internal redeployment), Purge (any device leaving the organization), and Destruct (physical elimination for classified data). The legacy ATA Secure Erase command has been deprecated to Clear status, and standard industrial shredding is no longer compliant for SSDs.

How does the OBBBA 1% floor affect our IT donation tax strategy?

Under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (effective January 1, 2026), C-corporations can only deduct charitable contributions exceeding 1% of taxable income. Contributions below the floor yield zero tax benefit. This structurally favors large, aggregated donation events over small regional dispositions. Excess contributions carry forward for five years but remain subject to the 1% floor annually.

Can we donate broken or non-working IT equipment?

Yes. Most certified nonprofit ITAD providers accept non-functional equipment. Devices with salvageable components may be harvested for refurbishment, and the remainder is responsibly recycled with documented chain of custody. However, devices that do not meet the IRS “good used condition or better” standard have a deductible FMV of $0.

Is there a minimum volume for free pickup?

Minimum volumes vary by provider and location. Smaller donations can ship via prepaid labels, and shipping costs are tax-deductible when donating to a qualified 501(c)(3).

Can we still shred old SSDs for compliance?

Standard industrial shredding is no longer recognized as a compliant destruction method for SSDs under IEEE 2883-2022. Flash memory chips can pass through shredder blades intact, leaving gigabytes of data recoverable. Compliant physical destruction of SSDs requires micro-pulverization to strict particle size limits at a certified facility.

What is Scope 4 and how does IT donation affect ESG reporting?

Scope 4, or “avoided emissions,” refers to the carbon emissions prevented by extending a device’s useful life rather than manufacturing a replacement. A refurbished three-year-old laptop that operates for another three to five years avoids the hundreds of kilograms of CO2 equivalent generated by mining, manufacturing, and shipping a new device. Under the 2026 GHG Protocol Scope 3 updates, serialized impact data from a certified ITAD partner directly strengthens a corporation’s Primary Data Share indicator.

What IRS forms are required for IT equipment donations?

IRS Form 8283 is required for noncash charitable contributions exceeding $500. Section A covers donations valued $500–$5,000. Section B, which requires a qualified independent appraisal and a signed acknowledgment from the receiving 501(c)(3), applies when the deduction for a single item or group of similar items exceeds $5,000.

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